【摘要】目的:探讨跳水运动员发生眼底损伤的危险因素，临床特点及其发生机制，为跳水运动员视网膜脱离提供预警。
方法:对广东省跳水运动员85例(170眼)进行系统眼部检查,散瞳裂隙灯三面镜下观察视网膜损伤的特点，寻找与跳水年龄和跳水年限的关系。
结果:47例（55％）发生视网膜病变，包括视网膜变白，格子样变性、视网膜变薄、干性裂孔以及视网膜脱离等，其中以视网膜变白和视网膜变性多见；视网膜病变发生的方位在11～1点占50％、在5～7点占33％，在8～10点占10％，2～4点占7％。跳水训练2a既有可能发生视网膜损伤，且随着跳水时间的延长发生视网膜损伤的比例逐渐增高；视网膜损伤从4岁至13岁各个年龄段开始跳水均有可能发生。
结论:视网膜损伤与跳水运动的特点密切相关，水面长期反复对眼部的拍击，是该病发生的直接原因，跳水时间越长发生眼底损害的可能性越大，对本病的监测和预防非常重要。
【关键词】 跳水；视网膜损伤/诊断；临床特点；发病机制
Clinical study of retinal injuries in divers
YuQing Lan, GuoChuan Ma, Wei Peng, JianHui Xiao, ZhaoXia Xia, JinHong Li, HaiLin Li
Foundation items:Scientific Development Project of Guangdong Province, China (No. 2007B031100003); Key Program of Guangdong College of Sports Technology, China (No. 20060001)
Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Institute of Sport, Guangzhou 510100, Guangdong Province, China
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the risk factors, clinical characteristics and mechanism of retinal injuries in diving in order to prevent the retinal detachment.
METHODS: A total of 85 divers (170 eyes) from Guangdong province received system ophthalmic examination. The injuries of ocular fundus were observed by threemirror lens under slit lamp microscope. The relationship between retinal injuries and the duration or beginning time of diving were analyzed.
RESULTS: Fortyseven divers (55%) suffered retinal injuries, which included pale color of retina, lattice degeneration, thinner retina and dry holes even retinal detachment. Among them, the pale color of retina and retinal degeneration were more common. The retinal injuries were related to the length of diving history. The location of ocular fundus abnormalities were 50% at 111 oclock, 33% at 57 oclock, 10% at 810 oclock and 7% at 24 oclock.
CONCLUSION: The results show that there is some close relationship between diving and retinal injuries. The direct cause of the disease is the repeat spanking of water to the eye. Times and times of diving, the more incidence of retinal injuries. The prevention and observation are very important.
KEYWORDS: diving; retinal injuries/diagnosis; clinical characteristics; mechanism
0引言
视网膜脱离是跳水运动员的一种职业病。而在发生视网膜脱离之前相当一段时间内,视网膜损伤已经存在。为了解跳水运动员眼底损害的发生情况、危险因素及预后，并探讨其发病机制，我们对广东省跳水队现役运动员，进行了全面的眼部检查和治疗，力图为跳水运动员提供预警。
1对象和方法
1.1对象 85名广东省跳水队运动员,170眼。男42例，女43例；年龄9～25(平均14.2)岁。跳水年限为2～16a。跳水项目包括1m,3m跳板，5m,7m,10m跳台。
1.2方法 由我院眼科资深眼科医师对上述运动员进行系统检查和诊断。临床检查方法：包括裸眼和矫正视力、屈光度、裂隙灯眼前段检查，散瞳后裂隙灯下三面镜检查、非接触眼压计测量眼压等。所有被检查者均获得知情同意。
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