【摘要】 目的：研制一种能够自动、精确地测量出不同程度代偿头位的检查装置。方法：根据人头、颈部生理活动特点，利用液态罗盘能精确记录不同轴向活动范围的性能，将其安装在头盔中研制成头位倾斜自动测量仪。测量仪主要由感应器(液态罗盘部)、头盔、数据处理器、稳压装置等组成。头、颈部活动时，活动范围的大小由埋置在头盔内的感应器感知，经数据线传向数据处理装置，即电子计算机，经过瞬间的数据处理而得出头颈部活动范围的结果，此结果与自制的带有刻度盘的头颈部可自由活动的模特型具进行比较，验证检测数据的准确性。结果：将模特型具头部配戴装有液态罗盘的头盔装置，转动前在自动测量仪上记录保存此时的检测数值，然后将模特头部按自身所带的刻度盘进行三维的不同角度扭转，再分别在自动测量仪上与刻度盘上记录扭转后的数值，转动后与转动前数据的差值即为头位的倾斜角度值，两项记录的差值≤1°。结论：该仪器能简单而精确地对人头、颈部活动进行三维空间方向的测量，且测量范围远较人体头颈部的生理活动范围大。已获国家实用发明专利(专利号：200820022027.0)。
【关键词】 代偿头位;测量仪;斜视
Design of an automatic compensatory head posture measuring instrument
YanFeng Shang, ChunHua Dai,YiQiang Wang, HuaQing Gong
Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
Correspondence to:HuaQing Gong.Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, [email protected]
Received：20100625 Accepted：20100804
Abstract
AIM: To develop a type of measuring instrument which is capable of automatically, accurately measuring the varying degrees of compensatory head posture.
METHODS: According to the physiological characteristics of human head and neck, we put the liquid compass in the helmet for the development of automatic compensatory head posture measuring instrument, for the electronic liquid compass can accurately record different axial range of activities. The measuring instrument was mainly composed of inductor (liquid compass department), helmet, data processor and voltage regulator devices. The range of the activity of head and neck was perceived by the inductor embedded in the helmet, the change was conducted to the data processor through a data line, and the result was recorded after instant dataprocessing. This result was compared with the range on the dial installed on the model to verify the accuracy of the data.
RESULTS: The helmet was put on the models head and the data was recorded on the automatic compensatory head posture measuring instrument at that time, then the models head was turned in three dimensional directions; and the data were recorded respectively. The difference between pre and postrotation was the final data. To check the data against the dial on the model, we found that the error didnt exceed 1 degree.
CONCLUSION: The automatic compensatory head posture measuring instrument plays an important role in clinical practice. It is a simple way to accurately measure threedimensional orientation of head and neck, and it has a much larger measuring range than the physiological range of the activity of human head and neck. It has won the National Invention Patent of China (Patent Application No. 200820022027.0).
KEYWORDS: compensatory head posture; measuring instrument; strabismus
Shang YF, Dai CH, Wang YQ, et al. Design of an automatic compensatory head posture measuring instrument. Int J Ophthalmol
(Guoji Yanke Zazhi) 2010;10(9):17071709
头位与眼位的关系，无论在眼科学领域还是人体工学领域都有十分重要的意义。代偿头位的测定是眼科临床上经常使用的一项检查，对于疾病的诊断、治疗效果的评价等都具有重要的参考意义。目前，临床上多采用直接目测法或弧形视野计法测量头位扭转程度，其精确性、客观性、可重复性、自动化程度等均较差。对于具有代偿头位先天性眼球震颤的手术指征的确定、手术方案的选择及术后效果的判定都缺乏量化指标，这使得眼肌学医师难以准确地制定手术方案，因此，手术效果也较难以预测。我们受航天、军事工业中传感技术的启发，根据液态罗盘的原理(Digital Compass Solutions，Solid State Electronics Center, Minnesota，U.S.A)研发了一种姿态传感装置，可用于临床上具有代偿头位的患者歪头程度的精确测量。
1材料和方法
1.1材料
仪器的主要结构：由感应器、固定头盔、计算机及相关程序、稳压器等几部分组成(图1)。将头盔固定在自制模特型具头部，型具的头、颈部可以转动，计算机通过对转动前、后感应器所感知的倾斜角度数据进行计算。仪器的设计根据：头位倾斜自动测量仪是根据电子液态罗盘原理研发的。电子液态罗盘是用于航天、军事导航系统中的一种装置，现已商品化。这种小巧的稳固性装置对于测量多方位的偏转角度具有高度的准确性，可根据具体需要将其安装在不同的系统中，目前已有数种型号，其中HMR3200/3300是较为先进的一种，它可以同时感知多个方向上的偏转角度，而且感应范围较大。将这种感受器安装在可以随着头部随意运动的头盔内。本头位测量仪的分辨率为0.01°，可在40℃～+80℃温度范围的测量环境下进行操作，所测量范围大于人头、颈部的活动范围，具体数值见表1。表1人头颈部活动范围与传感装置的测量范围比较表2模具头颈部转动时，刻度盘与头位倾斜自动测量仪所示结果比较图1头位倾斜自动测量仪主要由三部分组成：感应器及固定头盔(左)、计算机及相关程序(中)、稳压器(右)等。
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